Macroeconomic instability, inefficient legislation, pre-war infrastructure, the sale of domestic industrial giants, party-oriented privatization, political differences are just some of the factors that will continue to significantly distance Bosnia and Herzegovina from the sustainable development necessary for joining the European Union and attracting foreign investors. A serious problem is the existence of entities and districts that create two or even more economic markets. Through the application of scientific-research, analytical-synthetic and statistical data in the paper the consequence of the economy and the financial market of economically developed countries is emphasized, which resulted in the diversification of methods and instruments of economic mediation, which was especially reflected on investment in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina with its constitutional, economic structure and many other shortcomings that have huge obstacles in establishing bilateral and multilateral relations not only with the countries of the region, but also with the countries of the European Union, and beyond. Its role is particularly evident in countries that are going through the transition period and in countries where political representatives have a strong influence on economic decision-making. Given that economic growth and development are the primary goal of the country in which is invested, as well as the countries of investors who are also acting in the direction of increasing their profits, in international economic relations economic diplomacy is becoming a key instrument in their achievement. The paper presents the concepts of conceptualization of economic diplomacy, which is a form of state activities relations directed towards relations with other countries and international organizations aiming to increase exports and attracting foreign investments. Cases where national economies manage to find the optimal combination between small, medium and large are increasingly larger. This does not mean that large enterprises lose their sense of interdependence among them. Extensive research shows that the participation of small and medium grows in relation to large enterprises. It is essential that SMEs demonstrate a high degree of innovation, flexibility and adaptation to changes that occur in the environment are even though the local market-oriented SMEs are increasingly important role in the largest international exchanges. Although a small part of these enterprises based on traditional techniques and technology, most of them applies a new and high technologies and a modern organization. The novelty is that of the then small and medium enterprises successfully face the challenges of competition and globalization.
Small and medium enterprises have a very long history, and their development is marked by expansion and stagnation of their occasional, perhaps expansion the largest, small- and medium arriving in the early 70 ' XX century.
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